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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">National Security and Strategic Planning</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">National Security and Strategic Planning</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Национальная безопасность и стратегическое планирование</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2307-1400</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6a85a2b0f4b84408a20e4a92</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Техносферная безопасность, экология живых систем и рациональное природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Technosphere safety, ecology of living systems and rational nature management</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Техносферная безопасность, экология живых систем и рациональное природопользование</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of classical and deep machine learning architectures in wildfire forecasting</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Сравнительный анализ архитектур классического и глубокого машинного обучения в задаче прогнозирования природных пожаров</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гончаров</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Goncharov</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>andreygoncharov04@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3346-8171</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Балобанов</surname>
       <given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Balobanov</surname>
       <given-names>Andrey A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Andrey.balobanov.92@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-3218</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Матвеев</surname>
       <given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Matveev</surname>
       <given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>fcvega_10@mail.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский университет ГПС МЧС России</institution>
     <city>Санкт-Петербург</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg university of State fire service of EMERCOM of Russia</institution>
     <city>Saint-Petersburg</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-30T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>30</day>
    <month>04</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>2026</volume>
   <issue>1</issue>
   <fpage>78</fpage>
   <lpage>89</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>16</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-21T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>21</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Гончаров А.С., Балобанов А.А., Матвеев А.В.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Goncharov A.S., Balobanov A.A., Matveev A.V.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гончаров Андрей Сергеевич, Балобанов Андрей Александрович, Матвеев Александр Владимирович</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Goncharov Andrey S., Balobanov Andrey A., Matveev Alexandr V.</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://futurepubl.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a85a2b0f4b84408a20e4a92/view">https://futurepubl.ru/en/nauka/publications/6a85a2b0f4b84408a20e4a92/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье рассматривается задача вероятностного прогнозирования возникновения природных пожаров с упреждением прогноза в 24 часа и 7 суток по данным наземного метеорологического наблюдения и спутникового мониторинга. Сформировано признаковое пространство, состоящее из лаговых метеорологических, экспоненциально взвешенных средних, календарных и спутниковых признаков. Для решения задачи сравнивалась модель градиентного бустинга (CatBoost), как представителя классического машинного обучения, и нейронная сеть рекуррентного типа (LSTM), как представитель архитектур глубокого обучения. Качество моделей оценивалось по стандартным метрикам ROC-AUC, PR-AUC, F1, Precision и Recall. Статистическая устойчивость оценивалась с помощью бустрэп-анализа с построением 95% доверительных интервалов. Для дополнительной оценки выполнена калибровка вероятностей с помощью изотонической регрессии и масштабирование по Платту (Platt Scaling), проведен анализ сезонных показателей качества. Проведено исследование интерпретируемости моделей с помощью SHAP-анализа для CatBoost и метода атрибуции (Integrated Gradient) для LSTM. Получено, что CatBoost обеспечивает более сбалансированное качество прогноза и показывает более высокую чувствительность, но уступает по точности и надежности вероятностных оценок.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This article examines the problem of probabilistic wildfire forecasting with a 24-hour and 7-day lead time based on ground-based meteorological observations and satellite monitoring. A feature space was constructed consisting of lagged meteorological, exponentially weighted average, calendar, and satellite features. To solve the problem, a gradient boosting model (CatBoost), as a representative of classical machine learning, and a recurrent neural network (LSTM), as a representative of deep learning architectures, were compared. Model performance was assessed using standard metrics such as ROC-AUC, PR-AUC, F1, Precision, and Recall. Statistical robustness was assessed using bootstrap analysis with 95% confidence intervals. For additional evaluation, probabilities were calibrated using isotonic regression and Platt scaling, and an analysis of seasonal quality indicators was conducted. A study of the interpretability of the models was conducted using SHAP analysis for CatBoost and the Integrated Gradient attribution method for LSTM. It was found that CatBoost provides a more balanced forecast quality and demonstrates higher sensitivity, but is inferior in the accuracy and reliability of probabilistic estimates.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>природные пожары</kwd>
    <kwd>машинное обучение</kwd>
    <kwd>CatBoost</kwd>
    <kwd>LSTM</kwd>
    <kwd>прогнозирование пожаров</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>wildfires</kwd>
    <kwd>machine learning</kwd>
    <kwd>CatBoost</kwd>
    <kwd>LSTM</kwd>
    <kwd>fire forecasting</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
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